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Impact Of Latitudinal Difference On Soil Microbes In Forest Savannah Transition Zone

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Chapters: 3

Font Size: 12

Font Style: Times New Roman

Referencing Style: APA (American Psychological Association) latest edition

Spacing: Double line

Word Count:  4,607

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INTRODUCTION

Soil micro-organisms or microbes transform organic matter into plant nutrients that are assimilated by plants. They represent a large fraction of global terrestrial biodiversity and are important because they affect soil structure and fertility (Bore & Bedadi, 2015). Soil microbes can be classified based on: size – how big they are; species (what they are related to) and their functions (their relevance and how they make their living). They can also be classified as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae and protozoa. One gram of topsoil may contain up to 100 million actinomycetes, one billion bacteria and one million fungi (Balasubramanian, 2017).

Bacteria are very small, one-celled organisms that can only be seen with a powerful light (1 000×) or electron microscope. They constitute the highest biomass of soil organisms. They are adjacent and more abundant. There are many types of bacteria but the focus here is on those that are important for agriculture, e.g. Rhizobium and actinomycetes. Bacteria are important in agricultural soils because they contribute to the carbon cycle by fixation (photosynthesis) and decomposition (Balasubramanian, 2017). Some bacteria are important decomposers and others such as actinomycetes are particularly effective at breaking down tough substances such as cellulose (which makes up the cell walls of plants) and chitin (which makes up the cell walls of fungi).

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