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An Overview Of Rice Processing Methods

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Referencing Style: APA (American Psychological Association) latest edition

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Word count: 5,095

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ABSTRACT

This paper examined rice processing methods in Nigeria. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy and employs 75% of the work force. Rice forms a significant portion of food consumed in most households in Nigeria .The descriptions of rice processing methods being used are parboiling, paddy cleaning, paddy hauling, milling, polishing, grading, sorting and parking.  Parboiling is an ancient method of rice processing widely used and dehusking and milling processes removes the outer part of paddy rice (husk and bran) to make it edible for hydration and cooking. Available literature reveals that parboiling is a precursor to milling it softens the husk and bran for easy removal with minimum breakage. Our local farmers should practice parboiling before milling to increase milling efficiency.

INTRODUCTION

In Nigeria, agriculture is the mainstay of the economy and employs 75% of the work force. Rice forms a significant portion of food consumed in most households in Nigeria. In some countries, the per capita consumption of rice is estimated at more than 100kg/year. Demand for rice production is increasing and greater production is needed to feed more people and reduce the costly imports. Rice is an important cereal for human consumption, as it provides 23% of global human per capita energy and 16% of per capita protein. Rice protein contains high lysine and contains amino acid, it is important in making beer, rice-wine, and vinegar. Rice oil extracted from the branch is rich in vitamin E (Ezekiel, 2009).

Nigeria is currently the highest rice producer in West Africa, producing an average of 3.2 million tons of paddy rice or 2.0 million tons of milled rice (Daramola, 2005). It is also the largest consuming nation in the region, with the growing demand amounting to 6.1 million tons of rice in 2012, with only about half of that demand met by domestic production (USDA FAS, 2013). Nigeria imported 2.9 million tons of rice in 2012 valued at approximately 500 million USA dollars (USDA FAS, 2013). The reliance on food importation is dangerous for the nation and the United Nations Population Fund (2012) reported that farm output for grains (rice inclusive) must increase by 40% in order to reduce food importation. However, this can only be achieved by encouraging local rice processing in Nigeria.

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