An Evaluation Of Baterial Vaginosis And Trichomonas Infection In Pregnancy

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ABSTRACT

Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis, are the most common infectious causes of vaginitis in pregnancy. Both infections have been linked to preterm delivery and low birth weight and as reproductive tract infections (RTIS), they are likely to increase both infection of HIV and susceptibility to the disease. This study therefore, aimed to present Data on the prevalence of TV and BV among antenatal care attendees in Irrua and to evaluate the maternal and fetal outcome and clinical screening in the diagnosis of these two conditions in pregnancy.

Materials and method: In a longitudinal prospective study, antenatal care attendees were interviewed and examined, and specimens were collected to identify TV and BV. Information was obtained on reproductive tract infections earlier in pregnancy from a structured interview and the antenatal record. About 216 of pregnant women attending booking and antenatal clinic who give a written informed consent for participation in the study after counseling were recruited. Structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the pregnant women, and divided into two groups (those with discharge and those without discharge. Genital swabs were taken from high vaginal swabs from the pregnant women who have normal and abnormal vaginal discharge from 14 to 26week gestation, and analyzed using a wet mount microscopy, direct gram staining, potassium hydroxide preparation, routine culture, sensitivity test the laboratory. Statistical analysis was done using statistical program for social science version 20. The mean and standard deviations where calculated for quantitative variables, while charts, graphs and tables were used to depict qualitative variables. The Chi-square test was used to compare the differences between proportions. Correlates were assessed using bivariate analysis and logistic regression. Test of significance was based on 95% confidence interval, p-value ≤0.05 was significant.

Results: After evolution of 216 antenatal attendees, revealed that the prevalence bacterial vaginosisis 66(30.6%) candidiasis 99(45.8%) candidiasis-trichomonas 37(17.1%), candidiasis- bacterial vaginosisis 3(1.4%) nil 11(5.1%) in the study.  In the study preterm delivery and preterm PROM for each of the vaginal pathogens are as follows bacterial vaginosisis 2(2.90%), candidiasis- trichomonas 8(21.62%), candidiasis 1(1.01%) and nil 11(9.09%) with a P-value of <0.0001.

Conclusion: The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis , trichomonas and vulvovaginal candidiasis where within normal range. There were few cases with preterm-birth and adverse perinatal outcome, which was statistically significant although not enough to permit routine screening in all pregnant women.  However, pregnant women with vaginal discharge should be screened for these pathogens and if found, appropriate treatment given.

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